COP lecture- globalisation, sustainability and the media

definitions of globalisation

-socialist

the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones. it can be describes as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. this process is a combination of economic technological sociocultural and politician forces

-capitalist

the elimination of state enforced restrictions on exchanges across borders and the increasingly integrated and complex global system of production and exchange that had emerged as a result.

possibility of a globalised world sharing all the resources and the possibilities of wealth.

the pursuit of classical liberal (or "free market") policies in the world economy  (economic liberalisation) the growing dominance of western (or american) forms of political, economic and cultural life "westernisation" the proliferation of new information technologies (internet revolution) as well as the notion that humanity stands at the threshold of realising one single unified community in which major sources of social conflict have vanished (global integration).

-Stanford encyclopedia

process of globalisation collapses

 cultural globalisation did not start with the world wide dissemination of rock and roll and cocacola.

"mcdonaldisaton" wide ranging sociocultral process y which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of american society as well s the rest of the world. "mcjobs" "mccitizens"

menial job low salary for massive profit. 

-George Ritzer

Marshall mcluhan

radio and tv, our capacity to hear and see has been extended to a global scale because we can see what going on all around the world. This means we can immediately see the impact of our actions. Also we can see other people and empathise with them, increase the humanity of the world.

as electrically contracted the globe is no more than a village. electric speed at bringing all social and political functions together in a sudden implosion has heightened...

he was wrong quite a lot. were not a single unified global tribe. 

does globalisation around the world make the world more alike or more different?

 "pessamistic hyperglobalizers"

If the global village is run with a certain set of values then it would not be so much an integrated community as an assimilated one.

-schiller

-chomsky

argue that building an empire happens in much more subtle ways. "cultural imperialism"

Rigging the 'free market' media conglomerate operate as oligopolies. giant system for spreading western culture globally.

US media power can be though of as a new form of imperialism

-local cultures destroyed in this  process and new forms of cultural dependancy shaped mirroring old school colonialism

-Schiller- dominance of US driven commercial media forces US model of broadcasting onto the rest of the world...

Rupert Murdoch

An inconvenient truth. - Al Gore

if we did something about global warming, it would effect profits etc.

to fix the planet created by excessive consumption you have to buy more things....(solar panels, special light bulbs etc)

cocacola plantbottle.

The Wil drinkable book

'the story of stuff' free range studios

COP 2 seminar

-Sigmund Freud, bernays, books in library
-Persuasion - a deliberate and successful attempt by one person to get another person by appeals to reason to freely accept beliefs, attitudes, values, intentions, or actions.
-you don't expect animated films to give  political message so you watch it more openly

-matches the appeal-propaganda?

-the sinking of the lusitania -Windsor McCay
persuading that germans are bad because they bombed a ship full of americans

-raft of the medusa (painting) french. represents the spirit of survival. promoting the idea of evil forces that you rise up again. 

-Momotaro vs Mickey Mouse
Mickey mouse represents America

Der feuhrers face (Donald duck in nazi land)
-makes hitler look stupid basically.
-can get away with it because its a cartoon.
-more refined than Japanese one as better animation inducts in america at that point

-Leni Riefenstahl 
- german film maker and photographer
-made films in 1930s
-olympia

Victory through air power
-once we got the issue of the propeller in the way of the gun, the aeroplane became a weapon of war.
-more positive saying how good they are making the machinery whereas the others we have watched are looking at the negatives

COP lecture- ethics-what is good?

First things first- garland 1964
argues that visual communicators and creators in comtempary society in 80s wasting talent by taking jobs such as advertising toothpaste and cigarettes. Use your talent don't waste them on trivial jobs that don't benefit society.

Manifesto was re published in adjusters in 2000. Tells us that we are told that we should use our talents for advertising. if your encouraging people to buy credit cards with your talents, you are encouraging people to get themselves into debt.
participating n a system thats brain washing people?

Ken Garland, Kalle Lasn, Rick Poyner

anti capitalism designer, anti consumerist designer
culture jamming- use skills to promote political cause.
detournment
advertising puts a meme in our heads that we can't forget
'im lovin it' is a meme.
advertising design- advertising for things you don't need to impress people that dont care-papernick- were all contributing to making the world un ethical
papenek beer can automobile can bumper 1971- home made bumper that was safer than the original.

how do we determine what is good?
subjective relativeism 
-There are no universal moral norms of eight and wrong
-All persons decide right and wrong for themselves
cultural relativism
-the ethical theory that what is righ for wrong depends on the place and time
devine command theory
-good actions are aligned with the will of god
-bad actions are contrary to the will of god
-the holy book helps make the decisions

Kantianism (deological ethics)
-Immanuel kant (1724-1804) a german philosopher 
-peoples wills should be based on moral rules
-therefore its important that our actions are based on appropriate moral rules
-to determine when a moral rule is appropriate kant proposed to categorical imperatives.

Two formulations of the categorical imperative
-act only from moral rules that you can at the same time universalise
-if you act on a moral rule that would cause problems if everyone followed it then your actions are not moral

-act so that you always treat both yourself and other people as end in themselves and never only as a means to an end.
-if you use people for your own benefit that is not moral.

Utilitarianism, or consequentialist ethics (john stuart mill)
principle of utility
-an action is right to the extent that it increases the total happiness of the affected parties
- an action is wrong to the extent that it decreases the total happiess on the affected parties
-happiness may have many definitions such as: advantage, benefit, good or pleasure
Rules are based on the principle of utility
-a rule is right to the extent that it increases the total happened of the affected parties 
-the greatest happiness principle is applies to moral rules
Similar to kantianism-both pertain to rules 
-but kantianism uses the categorial imperative to decide which rules to follow.

Social contract theory
-thomas hobbes (1603-1679) and jean-jaques rousseau (1712-1778)
-an agreement between individuals held together by common interest
-avoids society degenerating into the state of nature or the war of all against all
-morality consists in the set of riles governing how people are the rest one another that rational people will agree to accept for their mutual benefit on the condition that other follow those rules as well. 
-we trade some of our liberty for a stable society.
ripping up the current social contract and replacing it with a new one but would only work if everyone bought into it

Toolbox of moral/ethical theories
whether presented with problems that are easy or difficult to solve the four workable ethics theories
-kantianism
-act utilitarianism
-rile utilitarianism
-social contact theory
could provide us with possible solutions to many of problems that ae raised by the first things first manifesto


critera for a workable ethical theory?
-moral decisions and rules
-based on logical reasoning
-come from facts and commonly held or shares values
-culturally neutral
-treat everyone equally
aim for socially and ecologically responsible design

paperken radio- not just something that can be made cheep and sold to poorer people- its designed to be made from things that are freely available that people can make for them selves. powered by elephant dung. - treated people as end not means to an end.

COP 2- consumerism, persuasion, society, brand, culture

National cash register building
Aims
-analyse the rise of us consumerism
-discuss the links between consumerism and our unconscious desire
-Sigmund Freud
-Edmund Bernays
-consumerism as social control

century of self- Adam Curtis
no logo brands globalisation resistance- Naomi Klein

Sigmund Freud
-psychoanalysis
-new theory of human nature
-hidden primitive sexual forces and animal instincts which need controlling
-the interpretation of dreams
-the unconscious
-the ego and the id
-beyond the pleasure principle
-civilisation and its discontent

ego-rational understanding of yourself
id-base animalistic desires and instincts are repressed- they drive everything we do
-when your conscious mind is asleep the unconscious mind dreams and the id comes out
-fundamental tension between civilisation and the individual
-human instances incompatible with the well being of  community
-the pleasure principle
-ego represses our id

-freud thinks that because we have to suppress these ids they create anxieties and discontentment etc for us so we let them out in other ways
we have hidden base desires that influence our actions that we need to let out to feel like were fulfilling life

Edward Bernays- freuds nephew
-Press agent
-Employed by public information during ww1
-post war-set up the council on public relations
-birth of PR
-based on the ides oaf freud
-crystallising public opinion
-propaganda

-He took the understanding of freud and said if we can make people feel that their desires are being met when they buy things, they will feel happy and also make a consumer demand.
-first early success-working with cigarette companies- getting past the social taboo of women smoking.
-easter day parade. paid debutants to light a cigarette at the same time
-suffragettes- early form of feminism- lighting up touches of freedom- symbolic display
-cigarette smoking became popular among women because they relate it to being independent, sexually desirable, etc
-product placement
-celebrity endorsements
-the use of pseudo-scientific reports
-makes you equate the product with being successful and desirable

Fordism
-moving assembly line
-standard production models built as they move through the factory
-requires large investment but increases productivity so much that relatively high wages can be paid, allowing the workers to buy the product they produce
-the model T ford- 
-1910-20,000 were produced a year
-1816- 600,0000
-1927-15 million
assembly time reduced from 12.5 to 1.5 hours

as the world incases its production and created more and more things it becomes important for manufacturers to distinguish their product from others.
this is where branding comes in.
a common technique was to give the product an individual identity 'aunt Jemimas pancake flower' makes you think its more special of has a secret ingredient/special recipe when its actually just pancake flower.

-cars are sold not only on their merit but for the power of it making you more sexually desirable.
-masculine, in control, head of the family, impress the wife, man drives-women gets driven.
-by 1919- what more being advertised it that if you buy this car you are richer you can have the fancy house and look more sophisticated.
-things shift from a need culture to a desire culture- you buy because you want not because you need.

-marketing hidden needs
-selling emotional security
-selling reassurance of worth
-selling ego gratification
-selling creative outlets
-selling love objects
-selling sense of power
-selling sense of roots
-selling immortality

Walter Lippmann- public opinion
-started researching what the public want so they can tell the government what to do about it.

1917 in russia the workers army overthrow someone.

people thought if they didn't keep people happy they would start a war

The great depression- if you let big businesses do what they want you will end up destroying society

Roosevelt- the new deal-increase taxes to give to unemployed/homeless-ameican government to have total control- project where the government intervene and create a farer society
labourers choice- choice of the worker.
what makes america great is the amount if things in america that you can buy! independent living in a country of free choice. 

'Democracity' your world tomorrow- not democracy just the bankrupt illusion- all kept docile, fooled into thinking were living rounded meaningful lives. 

-consumerism is an idealogical project
-we belief that through consumption out desires can be met.
-the consumer self
-the legacy of bernays/pr can be felt in all aspects of C21st society
-the conflicts between alternative models of social organisation continue to this day
-to what extent are our lives 'free' under the western consumerist system? 

COP2 seminar

cities and film
city represents civilisation, country is a bit savage and less advanced.
Walter gropius- founder of bauhaus
flat iron building in new york used to be a skyscraper not the empire state building looks down on it
architecture is imposed upon you, you can't choose not to see it like you don't have to walk into an art gallery or watch a movie but you have no choice but to look at buildings because they will be on your journey.

The architectural metaphysics of fear. 
Edward hopper house by the railroad
psycho house universal studios 

id super id and ego levels like levels of a house, in psycho the body is found in the basement
shining
Hitchcocks films start of in an idyllic and relaxed atmosphere